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Ground rent, explained

How ground rent is calculated.

Ground rent is sized off your stabilized, as-complete NOI — about a quarter of it — so the building's income covers the rent three to four times over. The land value we pay you is simply that rent divided by a ground cap. The escalations are fixed and capped, so you see the entire rent curve the day you sign.

Ground rent is a slice of stabilized NOI — capitalized into the land value you receive.
~25%
Ground rent · share of stabilized NOI
÷
~6.25–6.75%
Ground cap · tighter for housing
Take the rent — about a quarter of stabilized NOI, leaving the income covering it 3–4x — and divide by the ground cap. That capitalized figure is your land value: the cash you receive at closing. The rent is non-amortizing, with fixed and capped escalations and no balloon.
Worked example

From stabilized NOI to land value, step by step.

Step Illustrative figure How it is derived
Stabilized NOI $4.0M as-complete The anchor line — the property's stabilized, as-complete income from real comps. We always size off as-complete, never as-is.
Ground rent ~$1.0M / yr (~25% of NOI) About a quarter of stabilized NOI, with a hard ceiling near 30%. The remaining ~75% covers the rent 3–4x and stays with the building.
Ground cap ~6.5% (tighter for housing) The rate at which the rent is capitalized into land value. Housing prices tighter; other asset types a touch wider.
Land value (proceeds) ~$15.4M Ground rent ÷ ground cap. This is the cash you receive — and it should land near the appraised land value.
Escalations Fixed & capped Modest, defined annual bumps written into the lease — not a market reset to fair land value. You see the whole rent curve at signing.
Amortization None The rent is non-amortizing — pure carry, no principal, no balloon and no maturity wall to refinance around.

The logic: the ground lease monetizes the land's value — the capitalized rent — while the building keeps the other three-quarters of income to cover that rent comfortably · because escalations are fixed and capped, there is no reset risk and no surprise · one principal counterparty for the land and the leasehold financing.

Questions, answered

Ground rent — FAQ.

How is ground rent calculated?

Ground rent is sized off stabilized, as-complete NOI — typically about 25 percent of it, with a ceiling near 30 percent — so the building's income covers the rent three to four times over. The land value you receive is that rent divided by a ground cap of roughly 6.25 to 6.75 percent, tighter for housing.

Why is it based on as-complete NOI instead of current income?

Because the ground lease monetizes the stabilized, as-complete value of the land, which is what a long-term lease is worth. Sizing off current or interim income would under-monetize the dirt. We anchor every figure on as-complete stabilized NOI from real comps and show interim coverage only as a check.

How do the escalations work?

Escalations are fixed, defined, and capped — modest annual bumps written into the lease, not a market reset to fair land value. That means you see the entire rent curve the day you sign, with no reset risk and no surprise revaluation later in the term.

Does the ground rent amortize or balloon?

No. Ground rent is non-amortizing — it is pure carry with no principal component, no balloon, and no maturity wall. That is a core difference from a loan, where the constant climbs as the amortization term shortens.

Send us the deal

We move on real numbers.

Want the rent and land value run on your deal? Send the address, the as-complete stabilized NOI, and total project cost — we return an indicative land value, the implied ground rent, and the coverage in 48 hours, as principal or arranged capital.

Email us the deal