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The structure, start to finish

How a ground lease works.

You keep and operate the building on a long-term (99-year) leasehold; we buy the land beneath it and lease it back. The land — usually 30–40% of your basis — becomes permanent, non-recourse capital. Here's the structure, the math, and the assumptions behind every number.

The same asset, recapitalized

Fee simple today → the bifurcation we create.

Today you own the whole asset — building and land — financed with a mortgage and a thick slug of equity. We split it into two estates: you keep the building on a 99-year ground lease; we buy the land. The land becomes capital, and it replaces the most expensive layers of your stack.

Capital on a $40M hotel (illustrative) Fee simple today After the bifurcation
Your equity$14M~$8M
Senior debt$26M mortgage~$19M leasehold loan
Ground lease (land — Valor buys)~$13M
Total capitalization$40M$40M

What changed: your equity drops from $14M to ~$8M and your senior debt shrinks — the ground lease replaces them with permanent, interest-only, non-recourse capital. You keep the building, keep operating, and keep 100% of the upside and promote. (Illustrative; splits vary by asset and market.)

The structure

One asset, two estates.

The combined property value splits into the ground lease — the safe, senior, bottom slice we own — and the leasehold, which you own and operate and which carries all of the upside.

EstateWho owns itWhat it is
Leasehold (~65% of value)YouThe building and the right to use the land under the lease. You operate it, finance it, and keep all the value-add and 100% of the promote.
Ground lease (~35% of value)Valor (or an arranged investor)Ownership of the land, leased back to you. The senior, bottom slice — paid as ground rent.

The ground rent is a small, well-covered fraction of income: roughly 25% of stabilized NOI, covered 3–4×, on a 99-year term, with a fixed ~2%/year (or capped-CPI) reset — and it's interest-only, so you never pay to amortize the land.

What we underwrite to

The assumptions behind every number.

As-complete NOI. We size off stabilized income, not as-is.
Ground rent ≈ 25% of NOI. Ceiling ~30%; ~3–4× coverage.
Ground cap by asset: housing ~6.25% · hotel / other ~6.5–6.75%.
Proceeds = ground rent ÷ ground cap — often a premium to raw land value.
Leasehold loan sized at a market DSCR on the smaller basis.
The fee must be private — not authority-owned / PILOT land.
CapEx reserve netted from NOI first (a true cash basis).
Range discipline: we quote a number only when the high/low is within ~1.5×.
Why a ground lease

Six ways it makes your deal better.

You sell the land and lease it back — and in return you raise more capital, at a lower cost, with less risk, while keeping everything you actually care about.

1 · Raise more capital

  • More total proceeds than a single mortgage — ground lease + leasehold loan beats one loan
  • Monetize the land at a premium to raw value
  • Permanent — 99 years, no balloon
  • Non-recourse on the fee

2 · At a lower cost

  • Lower blended cost than debt + equity
  • Interest-only — you never amortize the land
  • Fixed and predictable — ~2%/yr or capped CPI, not market-floating

3 · Lever your returns

  • Less equity to capitalize the deal
  • Frees trapped capital to redeploy
  • Higher cash-on-cash and IRR

4 · With less risk

  • No balloon, no maturity wall
  • Refinancing risk removed on a large slice of the stack
  • Less credit-cycle exposure

5 · Keep control

  • Keep the building, operations & 100% of the upside — no dilution, no JV partner
  • No refinance clock — permanent capital
  • A flexible, modern structure

6 · Tax-efficient

  • Ground rent is fully deductible
  • Depreciate 100% of the improvements
  • Defer the gain on the land; works in Opportunity Zones & 1031s

Confirm tax specifics with your own advisor — treatment depends on your structure and facts.

The math finance people can't argue with

Cheaper than the loan it replaces.

A ground lease is interest-only — you never pay to amortize the land — so per dollar raised it costs less than the debt it replaces.

Worked example — a hotel carrying $5,000,000 of expensive debt

SBA 7(a) debt service (≈10.9% constant, amortizing)≈ $545,000 / yr
Same $5M raised as a ground lease (≈6.75–7%, interest-only)≈ $340–350,000 / yr
Cash flow freed — every year≈ $195,000 / yr
"But I give up the land." You give up the part that just sits there — your most expensive trapped equity. You keep the building and every dollar of its appreciation, you keep operating, and you keep 100% of the promote. No balloon, no maturity wall. See where it sits in the capital stack →
Across asset types

What the land is worth, by asset.

The same engine, calibrated to each asset's cap and coverage — illustrative, on a stabilized-NOI basis.

Asset (illustrative) Stabilized NOI Ground rent (25%) Ground cap Ground-lease proceeds
Hotel — select-service$3,400,000$850,000~6.5%~$13.0M
Multifamily — Class A$6,000,000$1,500,000~6.25%~$24.0M
Net-lease / owner-occupied$2,000,000$500,000~6.75%~$7.4M

Why multifamily monetizes the most land: low caps put a large, stable value in the dirt, and agency leasehold financing sits on the smaller basis. Why hotels are the highest-impact: the spread between hotel yields and the ground cap unlocks the most land relative to value.

Questions, answered

How a ground lease works — FAQ.

What is a ground lease, in one sentence?

It splits your property into two estates — you keep and operate the building (the leasehold); we buy the land (the fee) and lease it back to you on a long-term, typically 99-year, lease — so the land's value becomes capital today instead of trapped equity.

How is the ground rent set?

At roughly 25% of your stabilized NOI (a ~30% ceiling), so it's covered about 3–4× by in-place income. It's fixed, escalates at about 2% a year or a capped CPI, and is interest-only — it never amortizes.

How do you value the land?

Ground rent ÷ a ground cap rate. The ground cap runs about 6.25% for housing and 6.5–6.75% for hotels and other asset types, so the proceeds are usually a premium to the raw land value.

What do I keep?

The building, the operations, all of the value-add, and 100% of the upside and promote. There's no JV partner and no dilution — we own only the land, and you lease it back.

Is it only for big, top-market deals?

No. The institutional ground-lease platforms generally start around $30M+ of total cost in the top markets. We bring the same structure to the deals below that line — secondary and rural markets, owner-occupied, and affordable/LIHTC, where a ground lease works alongside the tax-credit equity and the perm loan.

Send us the deal

See what your land is worth.

Send the address, the as-complete stabilized NOI, and total project cost. We return an indicative ground value in 48 hours — the fee proceeds, the leasehold loan, and the cash flow freed — as principal or arranged capital.

Email us the deal